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- NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is
- being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.
- The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been
- prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.
- See United States v. Detroit Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337.
-
- SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
-
- Syllabus
-
- LEATHERMAN et al. v. TARRANT COUNTY
- NARCOTICS INTELLIGENCE AND COORDINATION
- UNIT et al.
- certiorari to the united states court of appeals for
- the fifth circuit
- No. 91-1657. Argued January 12, 1993-Decided March 3, 1993
-
- Petitioner homeowners filed suit under 42 U. S. C. 1983 against
- respondents-local officials acting in their official capacity, a county,
- and two municipal corporations-alleging that the conduct of local
- police officers in searching their homes for narcotics violated the
- Fourth Amendment, and asserting that the basis for municipal
- liability was the failure adequately to train the police officers
- involved. The Federal District Court dismissed the complaints
- because they failed to meet the "heightened pleading standard"
- adopted by the Court of Appeals, which requires that complaints
- against municipal corporations in 1983 cases state with factual
- detail and particularity the basis for the claim. The Court of Appeals
- affirmed.
- Held: A federal court may not apply a ``heightened pleading
- standard''-more stringent than the usual pleading requirements of
- Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)-in civil rights cases alleging
- municipal liability under 1983. First, the heightened standard
- cannot be justified on the ground that a more relaxed pleading
- standard would eviscerate municipalities' immunity from suit by
- subjecting them to expensive and time-consuming discovery in every
- 1983 case. Municipalities, although free from respondeat superior
- liability under 1983, see Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social
- Services, 436 U. S. 658, do not enjoy absolute or qualified immunity
- from 1983 suits, id., at 701; Owen v. City of Independence, 445 U. S.
- 622, 650. Second, it is not possible to square the heightened standard
- applied in this case with the liberal system of ``notice pleading'' set up
- by the Federal Rules. Rule 8(a)(2) requires that a complaint include
- only ``a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the
- pleader is entitled to relief.'' And while Rule 9(b) requires greater
- particularity in pleading certain actions, it does not include among
- the enumerated actions any reference to complaints alleging
- municipal liability under 1983. Pp. 2-5.
- 954 F. 2d 1054, reversed and remanded.
- Rehnquist, C. J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court.
-